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Permaculture | Designer's Zone | Sustainability | Gardening | Peoplecare | Community | Land | Built environment | Economics | Energy | Agriculture | Food and nutrition | Aquaculture | Forestry | Plants | Tools and technology | Transport and planning |
Permaculture | Designer's Zone | Sustainability | Gardening | Peoplecare | Community | Land | Built environment | Economics | Energy | Agriculture | Food and nutrition | Aquaculture | Forestry | Plants | Tools and technology | Transport and planning |
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Our 'ecological footprints' are a rough measure of the kinds of impact that our present ways of living are having upon the earth. These are derived by calculating the land and resources a region, city or even a single household needs to sustain itself, based on its usage of energy, food, water, building materials and other consumer goods. London for example is said to have an ecological footprint of almost 20 million hectares, that is, about 125 times its size, or 95% of the productive land in the UK. Calculating the footprint of your own household can be a valuable exercise, although can be complicated if maths isn't your forte1. However, there are a number of computer-based ecological footprint calculators that can be either downloaded or used online – these range from highly complex spreadsheets based on keeping long-term detailed records of your personal consumption patterns, to far simpler, user-friendly programs such as 'Eco-cal'2 and the 'Earthday Network'3 web site that give instant but much more approximated estimates. Such tools are very useful (and often sobering) in terms of the awareness they can raise, but they don't always offer alot of practical advice regarding how to actually lessen our impacts.
| Bean, Grain or Seed | Optimum Sprout Length | Days to Sprout | Nutritional value | Comments |
| Alfalfa | 1 " / 2cm | 3-5 | Vitamins A, B2, C, D, E, niacin, minerals inc. iron, magnesium, amino-acids, chlorophyll | Described as 'a complete food'. Exposing to indirect sunlight helps to develop chlorophyll. Shoots can be eaten when long or short |
| Broccoli | ½” / 1cm | 3-5 | Vitamins A, B, C, E and K, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, Carotene, Chlorophyll, Amino Acids, Trace Elements, Antioxidants, sulforaphane | Said to stimulate the body's natural defences against cancer |
| Cress | 1 " / 2cm | 6-8 | Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, niacin, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorous | Good companion to mustard, eg as grown on damp kitchen towel |
| Chick pea | ½” / 1cm | 2-4 | Vitamins A, C, amino acids, carbohydrate, fibre, minerals inc. calcium, magnesium, potassium | Pre-sprouting will reduce cooking time. Sprouts will go bitter if left too long |
| Fenugreek | ½” / 1cm | 2-3 | Lymph, blood and kidney tonic. Vitamins A, C, iron and phosphorous | Strong spicy aroma. Best eaten mixed with other sprouts. Goes bitter if left too long |
| Green lentil | ½” / 1cm | 2-3 | Vitamin C, iron, amino acids | Good in sprout mixes |
| Mung bean | 1 " / 2cm | 3-5 | Vitamin C, iron, amino acids, potassium | Sprout under pressure (eg, place a weight on top) to produce crisp white 'bean shoots' |
| Mustard | 1 " / 2cm | 2-7 | Said to clear sinus congestion. Vitamins A, C, minerals and chlorophyll | Good companion to cress, eg as grown on damp kitchen towel |
| Pumpkin | 0 | 1-2 | Vitamin E, amino acids, essential fatty acids, phosphorous, iron, zinc | Use hull-less cultivars. Seeds will swell rather than sprout |
| Quinoa | 1 " / 2cm | 1-2 | Vitamin B, E and amino acids | Rinse well to remove bitter saponins. Has pleasant nutty flavour |
| Radish | 1 " / 2cm | 2-5 | Said to cleanse and heal mucus membranes. Vitamin C, potassium, chlorophyll | Strong shot flavour. Best eaten mixed with other sprouts. |
| Red clover | 1 " / 2cm | 2-5 | Blood cleanser, vitamins A, C, minerals and trace elements | Similar to alfalfa |
| Sunflower | Until first 2 'leaves' (cotyledons, not true leaves) form | 1-6 | Vitamins B, E, amino acids, calcium, phosphorous, iron, magnesium, potassium | Use hull-less cultivars. Good 'indoor green'. Will go bitter if true leaves allowed to form |
| Wheat | ½” / 1cm | 2-3 | Vitamins B, E, amino acids, essential fatty acids, magnesium, potassium | Good for juicing. Will go tough and stringy if left too long |
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|
YIELDS AND SPACING TABLE</FONT></TD> | <P></TD> | </TD> | </TD> | </TD>
</TR> |
|
Apples & pears</FONT></TD> |
<P>Yield</TD> | <P></TD> |
Spacing</FONT></TD> | <P></TD>
</TR> |
| </TD> |
Apples</FONT></TD> |
<P>Pears</TD> |
<P>In rows</TD> |
<P>Rows apart</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Bush</TD> |
<P>60-120lb</TD> |
<P>40-100lb</TD> |
<P>12-18'</TD> |
<P>12-18'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Dwarf bush</TD> |
<P>30-50lb</TD> |
<P>20-40lb</TD> |
<P>8-15'</TD> |
<P>8-15'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Dwarf pyramid</TD> |
<P>10-15lb</TD> |
<P>8-12lb</TD> |
<P>5-6'</TD> |
<P>6'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Espalier (2 tier)</TD> |
<P>20-25lb</TD> |
<P>15-20lb</TD> |
<P>10-18'</TD> |
<P>6'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Fan</TD> |
<P>12-30lb</TD> |
<P>12-30lb</TD> |
<P>12-18'</TD> |
<P>-</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Single cordon</TD> |
<P>5-8lb</TD> |
<P>4-6lb</TD> |
<P>2.5-3'</TD> |
<P>6'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Standard</TD> |
<P>100-400lb</TD> |
<P>80-240lb</TD> |
<P>18-30'</TD> |
<P>18-30'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Other tree fruits</TD> | <P></TD> | </TD> | </TD> | </TD>
</TR> |
|
Bush (Morello cherry)</FONT></TD> |
<P>30-40lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
12-18'</FONT></TD> |
<P>12-18'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Bush (plum & peach)</TD> |
<P>30-60lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
12-18'</FONT></TD> |
<P>12-18'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Bush, standard (sweet cherry)</TD> |
<P>30-120lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
15-40'</FONT></TD> |
<P>15-40'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Fan (all stone fruits)</TD> |
<P>15-30lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
12-18'</FONT></TD> |
<P>-</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Fan (sweet cherry)</TD> |
<P>12-30lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
18-25'</FONT></TD> |
<P>-</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Pyramid (plum)</TD> |
<P>30-50lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
10-12'</FONT></TD> |
<P>10-12'</TD> </TR> |
|
<P>Standard (plum, peach & apricot)</TD> |
<P>30-120lb</TD> | <P></TD> |
18-25'</FONT></TD> |
<P>18-25'</TD> </TR> </TABLE>
|
